This paper provides a historical overview of the regulation and understanding of prostitution and human trafficking, highlighting how perceptions and policies have evolved over time. The Greek State and later others attempted to regulate prostitution, but despite these efforts, prostitution has persisted in large towns for over 2,500 years, illustrating its deep roots in human social life. The concept of trafficking, particularly in the context of women, emerged from early 20th century international efforts. The term initially referred to the “white slave trade,” which involved the movement of European women to Arab and Eastern countries for immoral purposes like prostitution. The first international effort to combat this was the 1904 agreement aimed at suppressing the white slave trade, which initially focused on cross border trafficking. By 1910, the understanding expanded to recognize trafficking within national borders. Over time, trafficking became closely associated with prostitution and slavery. The 1949 Convention explicitly addressed trafficking in persons and exploitation related to prostitution, reinforcing this connection. Despite these historical understandings, some governments and organizations continue to conflate trafficking with undocumented migration or prostitution, which can be problematic. Such policies often lead to stricter immigration controls under the guise of fighting trafficking, but they may actually harm the rights and interests of women, especially those involved in migration or prostitution. Historically, the concept of trafficking has sometimes ignored the human rights of trafficked persons.

Today’s young people are facing innumerable Value Problems. Does the Home Environment help to develop Moral Values among children? Hence, this study attempts to ascertain the influence of Organizational Climate ( Home Environment) on the prevalence of Moral Values among the Higher Secondary students in Chennai city. The present study belongs to Normative Survey research. In this study, the Stratified Random Sampling Technique was followed, and the data were collected from 1446 students in 20 schools. The research focused on six components of moral values—Personal, Academic, Social, Aesthetic, Humanitarian, and Religious—and examined how these varied across different levels of school environments (classified as High, Moderate, and Low climate) The tools used in the study were a Situational test to measure Moral Values developed by the investigator. One Standardized Tools to measure Organizational Climate was Home Environment Inventory. The Statistical Techniques used in the study were Mean, Standard Deviation & t-test, for finding solutions to the problems. The major findings of the study are that the children have good Moral Values, irrespective of High, Moderate, and Low Home Environment.

Social intelligence refers to the ability to read other people and understand their intentions and motivations Study habits refer to the activities carried out by learners during the learning process of improving learning. Academic achievement of students refers to the knowledge attained and skills developed in the school subjects This study is about relationship between the social intelligence, study habits and academic achievement of degree college students .The sample for the study was 410 including 193 male and 217 female college students by using random sampling technique. Chadha and Ganesan Social Intelligence Scale (1986), Palsane and Sharma`s study habits inventory (PSSHI) were administered for the collection of data. The result of the study highlights that the female college students have high social intelligence and academic achievement as compared to male college studens.On the other hand It has been found that 75% of the male and 72% of the female college students were having excellent study habits.

In cosmopolitan city like Mumbai working or career-oriented women are characterized by unique identity. In the industrialized setup women participation at work force has increased, according to the periodic labour force survey report 2024, the percentage of women participation in the work force is increasing (Ministry of Labour and Employment Directorate General of Employment:2023). Women specially in patriarchal social structure is shouldered with the burden of balancing and handling both duties, outside work place functions as well as household responsibilities, which at times becomes a huge task. This paper elaborates the comparative relationship between married working women in joint and nuclear family in Mumbai. The study is done on married women between the age group of 21 to 60 years who are pursuing similar grade or bracket of job, and following almost similar life style in Mumbai. It is observed in the study that the women staying in the nuclear family structure, are more borne to career upgradement as compared to women staying in the joint family. This is due to availability of various factors like decision-making, minimum or no interference from in-law’s or other first relation members in the family. It is observed that working women in nuclear family are more focussed on their career as well as are able to balance between work and home even if it is stressful. They are comfortable and pleased with liberty of authority and decision-making power. While married working women in joint family as this study shows creates a strong pessimism towards her career and face various difficulties in balancing between work and home. The findings indicate a significant role conflict between relationship, grieved work stress, associated social, economic as well as psychological issues between both married working women in joint family in comparison with married working women of nuclear family

Social needs refers to the essential needs, expectations and conditions that individuals and communities require for well –being, dignity, and meaningful participation in society. These requirements encompass a wide range of aspects, including access to education, healthcare, employment opportunities, social justice, cultural inclusion, and community support systems. Social need and requirement changes with the change of society and living style of the society with modern age, educational needs are changes. In addition, education tries to fulfill this social need. For the belongingness, this is also a social need of every societies students like family acceptance, friends, schools, community. Every individuals has right of living with free environment this freedom is natural right of every individual, education creates such environment in schools. Education gives information about such rights of human being, and provides free environment through schools. Social interaction this is also a social need development of any society is depend on the better interactions there should be a healthy and positive social integration. We all know many societies have lost their peoples as well as development of due to the social influences. Education has to create social interaction. Through education, social environment could keep healthy. Educational system can do this awareness among the students. Educational system at various stages teaches importance of society value of the society. Keeping good social environment on the society educational system plays an important role.

The rapid integration of digital technologies in educational contexts has resulted in unprecedented benefits for students but has also raised pressing concerns about electronic waste (e-waste) and sustainable digital practices. This study explores trainee teachers’ awareness, perceptions, and practices regarding the disposal of electronic devices, updating and maintaining digital infrastructure, and adopting environmentally responsible behaviors in technology use. Data were collected through open-ended survey questions administered to 25 trainee teachers. A thematic analysis approach was employed to identify recurring patterns in the responses, focusing particularly on issues of device disposal, software updates, and app installation practices. Three overarching themes emerged: (i) Awareness of Environmental and Digital Risks, (ii) Responsible and Sustainable Digital Practices, and (iii) Emergent Gaps in Digital Citizenship and Sustainability Awareness. Word cloud visualizations and code-theme matrices were used to illustrate participant responses. The findings indicate that while many students recognize the importance of secure and sustainable digital behaviors, gaps persist in structured knowledge and systematic e-waste management practices. The study highlights the need to integrate sustainability-oriented digital literacy modules within teacher education curricula to cultivate environmentally conscious digital citizens.