India’s transition toward renewable energy has significantly influenced trends in the equity market. This study examines equity market movements in India with reference to selected renewable energy companies using a fundamental analysis framework. The research evaluates key financial performance indicators, including Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit, Earnings Per Share (EPS), Debt–Equity Ratio, and Price–Earnings (P/E) Ratio, to assess profitability, financial stability, and market valuation. In addition to secondary financial data obtained from company annual reports, primary data was collected through a structured questionnaire from 71 respondents to understand investor perception and awareness regarding renewable energy investments. The study also considers the influence of government policies, sustainability initiatives, and the growing focus on clean energy on stock price behavior within the sector. By comparing financial strength and market performance, the research aims to identify long-term growth prospects and investment suitability of selected companies. The findings provide practical insights for investors seeking sustainable and fundamentally strong investment opportunities in India’s evolving equity market, while also contributing to the academic understanding of sector-specific equity analysis

In the contemporary digital era, social media has become a powerful marketing tool that significantly influences consumer behavior and brand perception, particularly in the hospitality industry where travelers increasingly rely on online platforms for trip planning and accommodation bookings. This study examines the social media marketing strategies of Airbnb and analyzes how digital engagement shapes its brand image and consumers’ intention to book accommodations. The research evaluates key social media elements such as digital advertising, influencer collaborations, user-generated content, online reviews, and interactive campaigns, and their impact on brand awareness, customer engagement, and revenue generation. Primary data was collected through a structured Google Forms survey, while secondary data was obtained from academic journals, industry reports, and credible online sources, with statistical techniques used to assess the relationship between social media engagement and purchasing decisions. The findings highlight the crucial role of social media in strengthening brand visibility, building trust through peer reviews, enhancing digital identity, and influencing consumer choice, ultimately demonstrating that effective social media strategies provide Airbnb with a strong competitive advantage in the global hospitality market.

This research looks at Instagram and YouTube as digital marketing platforms for consumers and compares them to see which one works better. The study's goal is to use survey data from 104 people to look at user engagement, how purchases are influenced, trust levels, and platform preference. As social media marketing grows quickly, businesses are using more and more sites that have pictures and videos to reach the people they want to reach. This study uses primary data from structured questionnaires and breaks down the answers into percentages. The results show that Instagram is better for quickly getting people interested and finding new products. YouTube is better for helping people make smart buying decisions and building trust by showing them detailed videos. The study shows that each platform has its own pros and cons, which depend on the product, the audience, and the marketing goals.

This study examines the impact of social media influencers on consumer purchase decisions in the fast-fashion industry, with specific reference to H&M and Savana. As digital platforms increasingly shape consumer behavior, influencer marketing has become a key promotional strategy. The research focuses on how influencer credibility, authenticity, trustworthiness, relatability, and engagement affect brand perception and purchase intention among consumers aged 18–35 years. A quantitative approach was adopted using a structured questionnaire administered to 100 respondents from urban and semi-urban areas. Data was analyzed through percentage analysis and Chi-Square testing. The findings indicate that Instagram is the primary platform for fashion discovery, and influencer marketing significantly impacts purchase intention. However, consumers show moderate skepticism toward sponsored content, and brand trust and authenticity remain decisive factors in final purchase decisions.

College students are a crucial segment of the consumer market in our country. Several students have felt misled and confused by deceptive product labels in the modern marketplace. Consumers can make more informed and ethical purchasing decisions when they are fully aware of the products they buy. Each economy's success depends on the role that informed consumers play in it, shaping market trends and demanding corporate accountability. Therefore, the level of consumer awareness among college students regarding misleading labels is a matter for concern. This paper will find out the impact of misleading product labels on consumer awareness and how it influences the purchase decisions of college students in the Navi Mumbai region.

AI-generated influencers, virtual personalities powered by artificial intelligence, digital modeling, and machine learning, are transforming digital marketing. This study examines their effects on consumer perceptions, focusing on Indian brands boAt and Myntra, which use influencers like Kyra and Maya. Through surveys of 106 Mumbai respondents, it explores awareness, trust, realism, relatability, and purchase intent. Findings show high awareness but low trust and relatability compared to human influencers, with Myntra's Maya slightly outperforming boAt's Kyra. Ethical concerns like transparency and misleading content persist.

This research study examines the impact of behavioral finance on individual investors' wealth management decisions. While traditional financial theories assume that investors act rationally, practical observations show that emotions and psychological biases significantly influence financial behavior. Factors such as loss aversion, overconfidence, and herd behavior often affect investment choices, risk tolerance, and long-term financial planning. The study is based on primary data collected from 100 individual investors through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that many investors are influenced by emotions and market trends when making investment decisions, and that a majority are sensitive to potential losses. The research highlights the importance of understanding investor psychology in designing effective wealth management strategies. Overall, the study concludes that behavioral biases play a crucial role in shaping investment decisions and financial outcomes.

Workplace stress has emerged as a significant issue in many modern organizations. In the present competitive business environment, employees are often required to achieve challenging targets, manage multiple tasks simultaneously and maintain high levels of productivity. These expectations can create considerable pressure, which gradually leads to increased levels of stress in the workplace. Such stress not only affects employees’ physical and psychological well-being but can also influence their intention to continue working with an organization. Employee retention is a critical concern for organizations, as skilled and experienced employees play a vital role in maintaining efficiency, organizational stability and long-term success. However, when employees consistently experience high levels of stress, they may feel dissatisfied, less motivated and emotionally disconnected from their work. This situation can increase the likelihood of employees seeking employment opportunities elsewhere. The present study examines the relationship between workplace stress and employee retention. It particularly focuses on common stress factors such as excessive workload, difficulties in balancing professional and personal responsibilities, concerns related to job security and inadequate managerial support. These elements can significantly influence an employee’s decision either to remain with the organization or to leave in search of better working conditions. Prolonged exposure to stress may eventually result in burnout, reduced job performance and decreased job satisfaction, encouraging employees to move to organizations that offer a healthier work environment. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of implementing effective stress management strategies within organizations. Developing a supportive organizational culture, offering flexible work arrangements, promoting employee engagement initiatives and providing access to counseling or support systems can help minimize workplace stress. When employees feel appreciated, respected and supported by their organization, they are more likely to remain loyal and committed. Therefore, organizations that prioritize employee well-being and actively address workplace stress are better positioned to retain their workforce and achieve sustainable growth.

The logistics industry in Navi Mumbai operates in a fast-paced and highly demanding environment where employees frequently work under strict deadlines, operational pressure and continuous coordination with multiple stakeholders. Such working conditions often lead to workplace conflicts arising from differences in opinions, communication gaps, heavy workloads and role-related responsibilities. If these conflicts are not managed effectively, they can negatively affect employee relationships, productivity and overall organizational performance. Therefore, effective conflict management has become an important aspect of organizational success. The present study examines the role of organizational culture in managing workplace conflicts within logistics companies in Navi Mumbai. Organizational culture refers to the shared values, beliefs and practices that influence how employees interact and resolve workplace issues. A positive and supportive culture encourages open communication, mutual respect and collaborative problem-solving, which helps in resolving conflicts constructively. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Primary data were collected from 100 employees working in logistics companies in Navi Mumbai through structured questionnaires. Secondary data were gathered from books, journals and online sources to support the research findings. The results indicate that organizations that promote participative leadership, transparent communication and supportive work values are more effective in handling workplace conflicts. Such practices help improve teamwork, strengthen professional relationships and create a healthier work environment. The study concludes that a positive organizational culture plays a crucial role in effective conflict management and contributes to improved employee satisfaction and organizational performance.

Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) investing has emerged as a prominent paradigm in modern financial markets, reflecting a growing shift in investor preferences toward sustainable and responsible investment practices. In recent years, ESG-based mutual funds have gained substantial attention among institutional and retail investors due to their ability to integrate ethical considerations with financial performance. However, the key concern among investors and policymakers remains whether ESG-oriented funds are capable of delivering competitive financial returns comparable to traditional investment options. The present study examines the financial performance of ESG-based mutual funds and evaluates their relationship with sustainability-oriented investment strategies in the Indian capital market. The study adopts a quantitative research design based on secondary data collected from mutual fund reports, financial databases, and stock market repositories. The performance of selected ESG mutual funds is assessed using risk–return indicators such as average returns, standard deviation, and Sharpe ratio. In addition, correlation and regression analysis are applied to examine the relationship between ESG scores and fund performance. The empirical analysis reveals a positive and statistically significant relationship between ESG performance and mutual fund returns, indicating that companies with strong sustainability practices contribute to improved portfolio outcomes. The study concludes that ESG-based mutual funds provide stable returns with balanced risk, highlighting their growing relevance in sustainable finance and responsible investment strategies.

Stock market volatility is a critical indicator of financial instability, particularly during periods of economic crises. The increasing interconnectedness of global financial systems has intensified the magnitude and speed of market fluctuations, making volatility analysis more relevant than ever. This study examines the behavior of stock market volatility during major economic crises, focusing on its causes, patterns, and implications for investors and policymakers. The primary objective of the study is to analyze the relationship between economic crises and stock market volatility and to assess the impact of macroeconomic shocks on market performance. The research adopts a quantitative methodology using secondary data from major stock indices over selected crisis periods. Statistical tools such as correlation and regression analysis are applied to evaluate volatility patterns. The findings indicate that stock market volatility significantly increases during crisis periods due to heightened uncertainty, liquidity constraints, and investor panic. Additionally, macroeconomic variables such as inflation and interest rates play a substantial role in influencing volatility. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comparative analysis of multiple crisis periods and providing insights into risk management strategies for investors and policymakers.

The rapid digitalization of financial services has transformed the payment ecosystem across emerging economies. In India, the introduction of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has revolutionized digital transactions by providing a seamless, real-time, and interoperable payment platform. Despite significant technological advancements in digital payments, the factors contributing to the exponential growth of UPI transactions and their broader economic implications require systematic academic analysis. This study examines the growth pattern of UPI transactions in India and evaluates the factors influencing their adoption and expansion. The primary objectives of the study are to analyze the growth trend of UPI transactions and to assess the relationship between digital infrastructure and UPI transaction volumes. The research adopts a quantitative research design using secondary data collected from official sources such as the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and Ministry of Finance reports. Statistical tools including trend analysis, correlation, and regression analysis are applied to examine the relationship between technological adoption and digital payment growth. The findings indicate that UPI transactions have experienced exponential growth since 2016 due to increased smartphone penetration, government initiatives promoting digital payments, and improved fintech innovations. The study also highlights the role of financial inclusion and technological infrastructure in accelerating digital payment adoption. The research contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical insights into the dynamics of digital payment growth and offers implications for policymakers, financial institutions, and fintech companies aiming to strengthen India's digital economy.

Background: Occupational stress causes burnout, low work output, and mental health problems for professionals. Vipassana meditation, an old practice for clear thinking, might help without drugs. This review looks at its good sides and problems for handling personal and work stress.This systematic review examines the benefits and challenges of Vipassana meditation for managing personal and occupational stress in professional populations. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in major academic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, ResearchGate, and SSRN. Keywords such as “Vipassana meditation,” “stress management,” “occupational stress,” and “workplace stress” were used in different combinations. Additional manual searches were also carried out in Vipassana-related sources, including the Vipassana Research Institute archives and other open-access platforms, to find relevant studies. Only English-language articles published between 2015 and 2025 were considered for this review. The study selection process followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines to ensure a clear and transparent review process. Results: Studies covered workers like office staff, police, and doctors. Most (85%) showed less stress, 75% better well-being and happiness, 65% stronger emotions and bounce-back, and 55% higher work skills. Some (35%) noted body perks like lower blood pressure. Issues: 55% said it's hard to find time, 50% had study flaws like small groups, 45% workplace blocks, and 30% need for culture fits. Conclusion: Vipassana meditation offers moderate-to-strong evidence as an effective, low-cost tool for stress management among working professionals. Organisational integration and larger, longitudinal RCTs are recommended to address adherence and generalizability issues.

Sustainable healthcare systems depend not only on hospitals and medical services but also on environmental safety, food security, and preventive public health strategies. Heavy metal contamination in agricultural inputs poses long-term risks to soil quality, water safety, food chains, and human health. This study evaluates the concentration of heavy metals in organic fertilizers collected from Uran Taluka, Raigad District (Navi Mumbai), Maharashtra using Sequential Extraction Procedure and ICP-AES analysis. The research integrates environmental science, public health, and regulatory perspectives to highlight how scientific research, educational awareness, and enterprise-level quality control can collectively strengthen sustainable healthcare systems.

The rapid expansion of the mutual fund industry has significantly reshaped the investment environment in emerging economies, particularly in India, where retail investor participation has increased substantially in recent years. Among various investment mechanisms, Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) have gained prominence due to their disciplined investment structure, affordability, and ability to reduce market volatility through rupee cost averaging. Despite the growing adoption of SIPs, questions persist regarding their growth trajectory and contribution to mutual fund performance. The present study examines the growth and performance of SIP investments in the Indian mutual fund industry during the period 2021–2025. The research adopts a quantitative research design based on secondary data collected from industry reports, financial databases, and regulatory publications. Analytical tools such as trend analysis, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis are employed to examine the relationship between SIP inflows, Assets under Management (AUM), and mutual fund returns. The analysis reveals a substantial increase in SIP inflows and a strong positive relationship between systematic investments and mutual fund performance indicators. The study concludes that SIPs play a crucial role in promoting disciplined investment behaviour, expanding retail investor participation, and supporting long-term capital market development. These findings highlight the importance of SIPs as a sustainable investment strategy for wealth creation and financial market stability.

Educational institutional plays a vital role in development of society. It shaping societies and promoting sustainable development.in modern knowledge based world, educational institutions are expecting that learner should not possess only theoretical traditional based knowledge but also acquire with adopting ethical values, boost up moral values, environmental and social awareness and hands on experiment knowledge. Practical based knowledge is center oriented purpose. On the other hand, enterprises are now not just aiming profit generation but also considering current market demanding skills. Enterprises are also contributing in social and educational development. Hence, partnership or collaboration of Various educational institutions and Enterprises are needed. This research paper examines the relationship between both of these and explore their efforts and contributions towards social responsibility and sustainable development. Educational institutions are spreading knowledge, making learner capable to take appropriate decisions, generate new ideas and understand responsibilities, while enterprises are providing financial support, digital platform tools, arranging workshops, providing internships and training and generating employment opportunities for learners and society. The study is based on a conceptual and qualitative research using secondary data collected from books, journal and various websites. The findings of the study highlight that collaboration contribute to sustainable development by promoting Socio – Economic and Environmental awareness. Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives help Education institutions as well as enterprises

The need for effective transportation systems in urban areas has greatly increased due to rapid urbanization and population growth. In recent years, Mumbai's suburban areas have seen significant public spending on road infrastructure, including flyovers, road widening initiatives, and enhanced connectivity corridors. These initiatives seek to increase overall transportation efficiency, lessen traffic congestion, and improve urban mobility. In this regard, the current study investigates how significant road infrastructure spending affects the effectiveness of urban transportation in the suburbs of Mumbai. The study comes to the conclusion that while significant investments in road infrastructure have improved connectivity and transportation options, not all commuters perceive the same advantages. To maximize the return on infrastructure investments, road quality, traffic control, and integration with public transportation systems must be continuously improved. Policymakers and urban planners may find the study's conclusions helpful in creating effective and sustainable transportation plans for quickly expanding suburban areas.

The rapid advancement of digital financial technologies has significantly transformed the payment ecosystem in India, particularly following initiatives such as Digital India and demonetization. Despite widespread availability, disparities in digital payment adoption persist between urban and rural regions. This study investigates the extent, determinants, and challenges of digital payment adoption across these regions. The primary objective is to analyze the relationship between socio-economic and technological factors influencing adoption behavior and to assess the impact of digital infrastructure on usage patterns. The study employs a quantitative research design using secondary data collected from reports published by RBI, NPCI, and World Bank databases. Correlation and regression analysis are applied to evaluate relationships between variables such as internet penetration, literacy rate, income level, and digital payment usage. The findings suggest that urban areas demonstrate significantly higher adoption rates due to better infrastructure, financial literacy, and accessibility, whereas rural adoption is constrained by digital illiteracy, trust issues, and inadequate connectivity. However, recent trends indicate gradual improvement in rural adoption. The study contributes to existing literature by providing a comparative analytical perspective and offers policy insights to enhance inclusive digital financial growth in India.

This conceptual study examines the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) by investors while investing in various avenues of the Indian capital market. The study explores how AI-enabled tools such as robo-advisors, predictive analytics, sentiment analysis, and algorithm-based platforms support investors in making informed investment decisions across equities, mutual funds, fixed-income securities, derivatives, and alternative investment options. It highlights the role of fintech applications and the regulatory framework provided by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) in facilitating the adoption of AI-driven investment practices. The study also discusses the advantages of AI in enhancing efficiency, transparency, and risk management, while identifying key challenges related to digital literacy, data security, and over-reliance on automated systems. The paper concludes that AI serves as a supportive and transformative tool in the Indian capital market, with significant potential for sustainable and informed investment decision-making when combined with effective regulation and investor awareness.

The banking sector has evolved from traditional branch-based operations to highly digitized, customer-oriented systems where service quality and customer experience are critical for long-term profitability. This study examines the effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) as a strategic tool for managing customer interactions and enhancing perceived service standards. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the study analyzes customer perceptions and existing CRM practices. The findings indicate that while banks have successfully adopted CRM tools to personalize services and reduce documentation errors, they still face technical and organizational challenges during implementation. A majority of respondents (74.3%) agree that CRM technology helps banks measure and improve satisfaction, highlighting its role as a core business strategy in a competitive landscape.

This study examines how retail investors perceive and respond to stock market volatility, defined as the extent to which security prices change over time. Using primary data collected from individual investors, the research investigates whether psychological factors such as fear, greed, and overconfidence lead to irrational decision-making during market fluctuations. The findings highlight that while volatility is an inherent market feature, retail investors' responses—ranging from panic selling to long-term holding—are heavily influenced by their risk appetite, financial literacy, and past experiences

Cloud-based accounting systems are reshaping how small and medium enterprises (SMEs) manage financial information, yet stakeholder readiness and implementation issues remain underexplored in the Mumbai context. This study examines stakeholders’ awareness, perceptions and implementation challenges related to cloud-based accounting systems in Mumbai’s SMEs, situated within the broader education–enterprise interface. Using a descriptive research design and structured questionnaire, the study captures insights from owners, finance professionals and accounting practitioners regarding perceived benefits, risks, skills gaps and support needs. The findings are expected to highlight mismatches between technological possibilities and stakeholder preparedness, particularly in areas of digital literacy, data security concerns, vendor dependence and change management. The paper also discusses implications for commerce education, professional training and policy support to strengthen cloud-readiness among SME stakeholders and to create a more robust bridge between academic curricula and enterprise practice.

The transformation of work structures in the knowledge-based economy has accelerated due to technological advancements, hybrid work arrangements, and policy reforms such as the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. These developments have significantly influenced organizational approaches to work–life balance (WLB). The present study evaluates strategic transformations in work–life balance practices within knowledge-based sectors in the post-NEP 2020 era using secondary data sources. Reports from global organizations, policy documents, and scholarly publications were analyzed to understand emerging workplace practices and their implications for employees and organizations. Findings indicate that hybrid work models, digital skill development, and employee wellbeing initiatives are central strategies adopted by organizations to enhance productivity and employee satisfaction. The study highlights that NEP 2020 indirectly influences workforce preparedness by emphasizing multidisciplinary education, skill-based learning, and digital literacy, which shape future workplace expectations. Additionally, reports from global agencies emphasize the increasing importance of mental health support and flexible work policies in improving employee engagement. The research concludes that organizations in knowledge-driven sectors must adopt strategic HR policies that integrate flexible work arrangements, technological integration, and mental health support to sustain productivity and ensure employee well-being. The study contributes to the existing literature by synthesizing policy and industry perspectives to explain how modern work environments are evolving in response to educational reforms and technological transformation.

History education has traditionally emphasized memorization of dates, events, and figures, often resulting in passive learning and limited student engagement. Recent pedagogical approaches advocate for constructivist and visual learning strategies to enhance comprehension, critical thinking, and spatial reasoning. This study explores the integration of story maps and chart-based visual tools in teaching history at the upper primary level. Story maps combine timelines, geographical representations, narratives, and visuals to create multi-dimensional historical narratives, while charts help in classification, comparison, and cause-effect analysis. The paper outlines a five-month implementation strategy, detailing orientation sessions, classroom activities, stepwise design of story maps, and collaborative projects involving both pre-service teachers and school students. Analysis of student engagement, comprehension, and reflection demonstrates the efficacy of these tools in promoting active learning, interdisciplinary connections, and historical thinking. The findings suggest that story maps and charts serve as effective pedagogical tools in aligning historical content with constructivist principles.

The financial environment in India has changed as a result of digital payment technologies, which make transactions quicker, easier, and more accessible. The Unified Payments Interface (UPI), which enables quick bank-to-bank transfers via mobile devices, has become one of these systems' most innovative payment platforms. UPI, which was created by the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), has greatly expanded the use of digital payments throughout the nation. While several studies have looked at UPI adoption, user happiness, and security perceptions, the behavioural effects of UPI on consumer spending patterns—particularly impulsive buying behaviour have received less attention. This study investigates how UPI affects Generation Z consumers' impulsive spending habits in India. A technologically sophisticated cohort, Generation Z mostly uses mobile applications for financial transactions. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the simplicity, speed, and convenience of digital payments via UPI promote impulsive or unforeseen purchases. The study investigates the psychological elements affecting spending behaviour using survey-based data gathered from respondents between the ages of 18 and 30. The results show that impulsive spending behaviour is greatly influenced by digital payments' ease of use and decreased psychological obstacles. The study comes to the conclusion that although UPI has boosted transaction efficiency and financial convenience, youthful users may become more impulsive consumers. Policymakers, financial institutions, and consumers may utilize the research's conclusions to encourage responsible digital spending.

This study examines the paradigm shift from traditional taxi services to app-based cab platforms, focusing on organizational change and digital disruption in urban transport. With the emergence of technology-driven platforms, the urban mobility landscape has undergone significant transformation, altering service delivery models, driver engagement practices, and customer expectations. The research aims to analyze how app-based cab services have redefined operational efficiency, transparency, and customer satisfaction compared to traditional taxi systems. It further explores the challenges faced by conventional taxi operators in adapting to digital transformation and the strategic responses adopted in a competitive environment. Using a comparative approach, the study is based on primary data collected from commuters and drivers, along with secondary insights on platform-based business models. The findings highlight that app-based services outperform traditional taxis in terms of convenience, accessibility, and service quality, while also bringing concerns related to job security and platform dependency. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies, digital inclusion, and policy support to ensure a balanced and sustainable urban transport ecosystem.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is a persons’ capacity to identify and express his or her own emotions as well as manage and relate to others. It includes self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. EI plays a vital role in managing stress and promoting psychological well-being. It helps students regulate their emotions, as poor emotional control under academic pressure may increase anxiety, reduce productivity and affect relationships. As part of the Social Work curriculum, the second-year MSW students at Loyola College, Chennai underwent soft skills workshops on Emotional Intelligence and Stress Management. Two self-assessment tools, namely Quick Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment and Stress Management Assessment were administered using Google form and 44 students participated. Among participants, 59.1% reported moderate stress, 29.5% reported low stress, and 11.4% reported high stress levels. The findings indicated low levels of Emotional Awareness (61.4%) and Emotional Management (54.5%), while Social Emotional Awareness (52.3%) and Relationship Management (47.7%) were at moderate levels. High levels of Emotional Intelligence were observed in only a few students. Although most students showed moderate stress levels, gaps exist in intrapersonal competencies. Structured Emotional Intelligence and Stress Management interventions should be integrated into the academic framework to enhance well-being and professional effectiveness.

The report examines the influence of financial literacy among Generation Z and examines whether financial knowledge encourages engagement in side hustles. As a digitally active generation with early access to financial markets, Gen Z increasingly participates in investment avenues such as shares, bonds, SIPs, etc. However, many financial decisions are shaped by informal sources like information from friends, family, social media, informal advertisement, etc. Gen Z prefers more of these informal sources than going through official and trusted sources that give proper information about the bonds, shares, etc. The study aims to evaluate financial literacy levels, analyse investment patterns, identify barriers to informed investing and assess the relationship between financial knowledge and side hustle participation. The study concludes that financial literacy enhances confidence but does not independently determine investment or entrepreneurial behaviour. Structured financial education is essential to promote informed and sustainable financial decision-making among Generation Z.

In today’s business environment, financial fraud has become a serious concern for organisations across all sectors. This project focuses on the role of forensic accounting in detecting, preventing, and investigating financial fraud. Forensic accounting combines accounting knowledge, auditing skills, and investigative techniques to identify financial irregularities and support legal actions.The study explains how forensic accounting helps businesses improve transparency, strengthen internal controls, and reduce fraudulent activities. It also highlights the importance of forensic accountants in maintaining ethical practices and protecting the financial interests of organisations. The research is based on secondary data collected from books, journals, reports, and online sources. The findings of the study show that forensic accounting plays a significant role in fraud detection and prevention and is becoming an essential tool in today’s corporate world.

Post Office Savings Schemes provide safe and easily accessible investment options backed by the Government of India, making them especially attractive to individuals in urban areas such as Navi Mumbai. This study examines the investment patterns of local residents with reference to Post Office Savings Schemes, focusing on scheme preferences, awareness levels, demographic influences, and satisfaction factors. The research is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire by google form in the area of Navi Mumbai. The study analyses the preferences for schemes such as Recurring Deposits, Monthly Income Scheme, and Public Provident Fund over other investment. The findings reveal that factors such as safety of investment, tax benefits, and convenience play a major role in influencing investor decisions. The study provides useful insights for policymakers and India Post to improve awareness, outreach, and effectiveness of savings schemes among urban investors. Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to understand the investment pattern of people towards Post Office Savings Schemes in Navi Mumbai. Design and methodology: The study is based on primary data. The data is collected through a structured questionnaire using Google Forms survey from residents of Navi Mumbai. The collected data is analysed using percentage analysis and simple graphical tools to interpret investment patterns and preferences towards Post Office Savings Schemes. Findings: The findings concluded that most of the respondents are aware of the post office savings scheme and are investing too. Middle-income and salaried individuals show a higher preference for these schemes. The main reason for investing to for safety of money, guaranteed returns and long-term security. Majority of the respondents are satisfied by the services provided by them and have no major problem. Practical implications: This study helps to understand investor preferences and expectations towards Post Office Savings Schemes. Improved awareness programs and communication can be designed to attract younger and middle-income groups. Enhancing customer service, simplifying procedures, and promoting the benefits of different schemes may increase participation. The study also helps investors make informed decisions by highlighting safe and reliable investment options suitable for long-term savings and retirement planning.

Advertising has undergone significant transformation due to technological advancement. While traditional advertising methods such as television, print media, radio, and outdoor displays have long dominated the industry, artificial intelligence-based advertising has emerged as a powerful digital alternative. This study comparatively examines consumer perceptions, preferences, trust levels, privacy concerns, and perceived effectiveness of traditional and artificial intelligence-based advertising. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire consisting of twenty questions and distributed online to more than one hundred forty participants across different age groups and genders. Quantitative data were analyzed using percentage analysis, and qualitative responses were examined using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence-based advertising is perceived as more personalized, relevant, and efficient, whereas traditional advertising is considered more trustworthy and emotionally appealing. The study also reveals that privacy concerns significantly influence consumer attitudes toward artificial intelligence based advertisements. The results suggest that integrating personalization with credibility may offer the most effective advertising strategy for contemporary consumers.

This research paper critically examines the role of insurance as an investment tool for young investors in Navi Mumbai. Traditionally, insurance has been viewed primarily as a risk management instrument aimed at providing financial protection against uncertainties such as death, illness, or disability. However, over time, insurance products—particularly those offered by private insurers—have increasingly been marketed as investment avenues promising wealth creation, tax benefits, and disciplined savings. The study analyses whether insurance products, especially Unit Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs) and traditional endowment policies, are suitable investment options for young individuals when compared to alternative financial instruments such as mutual funds, fixed deposits, and Public Provident Fund (PPF). Using secondary data, existing literature, and conceptual analysis, the paper evaluates returns, risk, cost structures, liquidity, and suitability of insurance-linked investments. The findings indicate that while insurance products provide financial security and tax benefits, they are generally inefficient as primary investment tools due to high charges, low liquidity, and relatively lower net returns. The paper concludes that young investors in Navi Mumbai should adopt a separation strategy—using insurance for protection and market instruments for investment—to achieve better long-term financial outcomes.